食品伙伴网讯 据欧盟食品安全局（EFSA）消息，应欧盟委员会的要求，欧盟食品安全局审查了十二碳五烯酸（EPA）、二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）与二十二碳五烯酸（DPA）的可耐受最高摄入量（Uls），并于7月27日就此发布了相关意见。

    欧盟专家组认为，大多数研究均发现，鱼油含有EPA、DHA与DPA三种物质。欧盟专家组制定了EPA与DHA针对不同人群的膳食推荐量，尚未制定DPA的膳食推荐量。

    部分原文报道如下：

    Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA).

    Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) contain one of the double bonds located at three carbon atoms from the methyl end. The main n-3 PUFAs in the diet are a-linoleic acid (ALA; 18:3Δ9c,12c,15c), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5Δ5c,8c,11c,14c,17c), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6Δ4c,7c,10c,13c,16c,19c ) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; 22:5Δ7c,10c,13c,16c,19c). EPA, DHA and DPA are n-3 long-chain PUFAs (n-3 LCPUFA), i.e. n-3 PUFA with 20 or more carbon atoms. The n-3 LCPUFAs are important structural components of cell membranes and contribute to various membrane functions such as fluidity, permeability, activity of membrane-bound enzymes and receptors, and signal transduction.

    Fish is a uniquely rich source of n-3 LCPUFAs. Other natural sources are human milk, cultivated marine algae, marine mammals and krill. EPA, DHA and DPA may also be provided by foods and supplements enriched with n-3 LCPUFAs (e.g. fish oils, single cell oils, krill oils added to foods or consumed as food supplements). The ratios of EPA:DHA:DPA differ between the various sources of n-3 LCPUFAs, although DPA is generally a minor quantitative component compared to EPA and DHA. Food supplements containing mainly EPA, or mainly DHA (isolated from microalgae), are also available. Pure DPA is not commercialised for human consumption.

    Adverse effects, which have been described in humans in association with high intakes of EPA and DHA, include bleeding episodes, impaired immune function, increased lipid peroxidation, and impaired lipid and glucose metabolism. However, no tolerable upper intake level (UL) for EPA, DHA or DPA has been set by any authoritative body.

    Previous assessments on the safety of n-LCPUFAs referred to mixtures of EPA and DHA (DPA was not explicitly mentioned), and were primarily based on a large number of human studies. The Panel considers that the evaluation of the safety of n-3 LCPUFA intakes should be based on the human studies available.

    原文链接：<http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/2815.htm>